Plant Database / Cover & Soil Crops / Sunn Hemp
Cover & Soil Crops

Sunn Hemp

Crotalaria juncea
Fabaceae (Legume)

A fast tropical legume that produces huge biomass and nitrogen in a single hot summer. Not for eating.

Cover cropFixes nitrogenBuilds soilHeat-lover
Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) illustration — Texas Roots plant database, by Jordan Polasek
Sun
Full sun
Water
Low
Soil
Tolerant
pH
5.0–7.5
Hardiness
Warm-season annual
Height
4–6 ft
Spacing
Broadcast
Days to harvest
Summer cover

What it is

Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) is in the Fabaceae (Legume) family. A fast tropical legume that produces huge biomass and nitrogen in a single hot summer. Not for eating.

How to grow it

It wants full sun, water it low, and give it tolerant soil. Target a soil pH around 5.0–7.5. Space plants about Broadcast apart. Expect roughly Summer cover. Warm-season annual.

How it's used

Sunn Hemp is used: cover crop only.

🔎 How to identify it

  • Narrow simple leaves
  • Tall slender stems
  • Yellow pea flowers

Not for eating

Grown for the garden, soil, or pollinators — not as food.
The grow guide

How to grow & propagate sunn hemp

Everything I've worked out about starting this one, keeping it alive through a Texas year, and turning one plant into many — free.

How to propagate sunn hemp

Legumes resent transplanting — that taproot wants to go straight down — so sow them right where they'll grow once the soil has warmed. Soak hard-coated seed overnight to speed germination. As a bonus, this whole family pulls nitrogen out of the air and banks it in the soil, so wherever you grow them you're feeding next season's crop.

Growing sunn hemp in Texas

Give it full sun and tolerant soil. Match the spot to the plant and most of the battle is already won.

This one thrives in heat that flattens other plants, so it earns its space through a Texas summer. Get it established before the worst of July, keep water steady, and it'll produce when little else will.

Keep moisture even, especially while it's young — deep, less-frequent soaks build better roots than a daily sprinkle.

Harvesting

Figure on roughly summer cover before you're harvesting.

Making more for free

If you want more, let your healthiest plants mature fully and collect the seed once it's dry on the plant — then store it somewhere cool, dark, and dry until next season.

🌤 Before you plant: check the live 7-day garden weather to time it right for frost and heat.

Part of the free Texas Roots plant database, compiled by Jordan Polasek from his greenhouse in El Campo, Texas. Free to read and share. If it helped, the best thanks is to grow something.