Plant Database / Cover & Soil Crops / Sunflower
Cover & Soil Crops

Sunflower

Helianthus annuus
Asteraceae (Aster)

Beauty with a job. It feeds pollinators, makes edible seeds, breaks up compacted soil with deep roots, and kids love growing it.

EdibleAnnualFull sunPollinatorBeginner-friendlyWe sell itBuilds soil
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) illustration — Texas Roots plant database, by Jordan Polasek
Sun
Full sun
Water
Moderate; deep roots find their own
Soil
Tolerates poor soil
pH
6.0–7.5
Hardiness
Warm-season annual
Height
3–12 ft by variety
Spacing
12–24 in
Days to harvest
70–100 for seed

More than a pretty face

Sunflowers send a deep taproot that breaks up compacted ground, their flowers are a top pollinator and beneficial-insect draw, and the seeds feed you, the birds, and the chickens. Tall varieties even make a quick summer privacy screen or a living trellis for beans.

Harvesting seed

When the back of the head turns yellow-brown and the seeds are plump and striped, cut the head and dry it in a ventilated spot away from birds. Rub the seeds free once fully dry. Save some to replant — open-pollinated sunflowers come true from saved seed.

🔎 How to identify it

  • Tall coarse stalk with big rough heart-shaped leaves
  • Large composite flower head that tracks the sun when young
  • Center disk of developing seeds ringed by yellow ray petals

⚠ Lookalikes & safety

Other Helianthus / daisies

Many aster-family lookalikes; the giant single head and rough leaves are distinctive. None dangerous.

Edibility

PartsSeeds (and sprouts, petals)
UsesRoasted seeds, oil, bird/chicken feed
CautionNone.
🌤 Before you plant: check the live 7-day garden weather to time it right for frost and heat.

Part of the free Texas Roots plant database, compiled by Jordan Polasek from his greenhouse in El Campo, Texas. Free to read and share. If it helped, the best thanks is to grow something.